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英语六级完形填空题特点

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大学英语六级考试也采用完形填空(Cloze),它采用的完形填空题是:“在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200词)内留有20个空白,每个空白为一题,每题有四个选择项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意义和结构恢复完整,考试时间15分钟”。
完形填空题的特点主要有:

1.这项考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。虽然所给出的文章被抽去了20个词,但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章内容,就难以将正确的词填入文中。这也就是完形填空题与以单句形式考查词汇和语法的根本区别。由此可见,考生在做题时必须时刻从上下文考虑,不应该只看到所填的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此,在填空前,最好将全文通读一遍,了解了全文的意思以后再做题。

2.这项考试还测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。文章中留出的每一个空格要求填入一个词。考试大纲规定:“填空的词项包括结构词和实义词”。结构词(也称虚词,有冠词、介词、连词等)主要是表示语法结构关系的,在选用结构词时便需要考虑在语法上是否恰当。对实义词(名词、形容词、数词、代词、动词和副词)的选择既要看其意思用在句中是否得当,也要看它与其他词的搭配关系是否合适。

3.首句一般没有空格。对于首句应该给予足够的重视,因为它往往就是中心句或是引导句,它的时态往往决定了全文的时态。
通读全文一遍之后,以句子为单位一句一句地读,试着一句一句地填空,主要考虑语法、句意、逻辑和上下文联系。暂时填不出来的就空在那里。最后再通读一遍,完成没有填的空,看看填的顺不顺,不顺的地方大胆修改。

下面以2001年1月六级考试试题中的完形填空为例:

In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 61_______ half of the 19th century; most of 62_______ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movemnet received great 63_______ during the First World War, when 64_______ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented(前所未有)numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 65_______ in munitions(军火)plants, under direct government sponsorship. 66_______ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 67_______, this was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 68_______, federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 69_______ the day nurseries, chiefly by 70______ them and by...

The 71_______ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 72_______ called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 73_______ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. 74_______ school grogram for the children of working monthers. Many States and local communities 75_______ this Federal aid. By the end of war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 76_______ in daycare centers receiving Federal 77_______. Soon afterward, the Federal government 78_______ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 79_______ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 80_______ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
61.A)latter B)lateC)other D)first
62.A)those B)them C)whoseD)im itation
63.A)impetus _ B)input C)im itationD)initiative
64.A)sourcesB)abundance C)shortageD)reduction
65.A)hardlyB)entirely C)onlyD)even
66.A)BecauseB)As C)Since D)Although
67.A)unanim ously B)sharply C)predom inantly D)militantly
68.A)therefore B)consequently C)however D)moreover
69.A)overB)inC)atD)about
70.A)formulatingB)labeling C)patenting D)licensing
71.A)outsetB)outbreak C)breakthrough D)breakdown
72.A)again B)thus C)repeatedlyD)yet
73.A)circumstance B)occasion C)case D)situation
74.A)regulatingB)summoning C)allocating D)transferring
75.A)expandedB)facilitated C)supplemented D)compensated
76.A)by B)after C)ofD)for
77.A)pensionsB)subsidiesC)revenuesD)budgets
78.A)prevalently B)furiously
C)statisticallyD)drastically
79.A)abolishedB)diminished C)jeopardized D)precluded
80.A)nurseriesB)homes C)jobs D)children
【解析】
61.B)。第一家日托所建于1854年,在各地区建立当然是在19世纪的后
半期。
62.B)。m ost of后面要用人称代词。
63.A)。根据句意“第一次世界大战对建立日托所的运动是个促进。
64.C)。根据句意“当时劳动力短缺使得……”。
65.D)。说明托儿所建立的多而广,“甚至建在军火工厂里。
66.D)。分析全句,这是一个让步状语从句,故应用连词although。
67.B)。修饰动词rose的副词,四个选项中只有sharply(急剧地)合适。
68.C)。本句的语气上是转折的,要选副词however。
69.B)。“在幼儿园里介词应该用in。
70.A)。根据句意“通过规范(form ulate)和……来管理。
71.B)。根据句意“第二次世界大战的爆发应是“The outbreak of
the Second WorldWar。
72.A)。与第一次世界大战的情况相呼应,所以要填A)again。
73.B)。选项中的四个名词,只有occa- sion可以与介词on搭配,其意
义也与句意相吻合。
74.C)。根据句意“这时,美国************立即支持保育员学校,1942年7月
拨款600万美元……”。
75.C)。根据句意“许多州和地方社区对这笔联邦************资助进行补
充。”
76.D)。动词care要与介词for搭配,表示“照料的意思。
77.B)。根据句意“在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里。
78.D)。根据句意“大幅度地削减这笔费用,只有副词drastically
是正确的。
79.A)。与前一句相呼应,前面说“大幅度地削减,后来,自然是
“废止(abolished)。
80.C)。根据句意“期望战后大多数所雇佣的有小孩的妇女离开她们的工作……。


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