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英语六级常考近形、近义词辨析

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1.transaction /transition /transformation /transmission

transaction:"交易,事务,事项";"办理,执行"

transition:"过渡,过渡时期"

transformation:"改变,改观,改造"

transmission:"传送,传递,传达,传导"

典型考题分析:

[例1]The ____from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for every-body.(2001.6)

A)conversion B)transition
C)turnoverD)transformation

[题解]题意是:对每个人而言,从儿童到成人的过渡是一个关键时期。选项conversion意思是"变换,转变",而turnover意思是"成交量,营业额;人员调整"。根据题意,答案为B)。

[例2]Cultural ____ indicates that human beings hand their language down from one generation to another.(2001.1)

A)translationB)transition
C)transmission D)transaction

[题解]题意是:文化继承是指人类将其语言代代相传。根据题意,答案为C)。

[例3]He attends to the ____of important business himself.(1998.6)

A)transaction B)transition
C)transmission D)transformation

[题解]题意是:他亲自参与重要商业贸易的处理。故答案为A)。

[例4]There is much I enjoy about the changing season ,but my favorite time is the ____ from fall to winter.(2000.6)

A)transmission B)transformation
C)transition D)transfer

[题解]题意是:我喜欢季节的更替,但我最喜欢的是秋冬之交。选项transfer意思是"调动,转移",故答案是C)。

2.concession /recession
concession:"让步,妥协;授予"
recession:"后退,撤回;商业暂时衰退现象,萧条"
典型考题分析:

[例5]It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ____.(2001.6)

A)concessionB)recession
C)submissionD)transmission

[题解]题意是:很难预测我们的经济是繁荣还是衰退。选项submission意思是"屈服,顺从",而且由boom可知空格处需要一个与它意思相反的词,故答案应为B)。
3.confirm /conform、
confirm:"确认,确定;批准,认可;使巩固,使坚定"
conform:"适合,相似;符合,遵守(常接介词to)"
典型考题分析:

[例6]All the students have to ____ to the rules and the regulations of the school.(2001.1)

A)confirmB)confront
C)confine D)conform

[题解]题意是:所有的学生必须遵守学校的规章制度。选项confront意思是"面对,面临;遭受;对抗",常用于短语be confronted with;confine意思是"限制;禁闭",常用于短语confine...to,根据题意,答案为D)。

[例7]The vast majority of people in any given culture will ____ to the established standards of these resources.(1998.1)
A)confine B)conform
C)confrontD)confirm

[题解]题意是:在任何一个文化环境中绝大多数人都会遵守那种文化所形成的准则。故答案为B)。

[例8]E-mail is a convenient,highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that ____well to human needs.(2000.6)

A)adheresB)reflects
C)conformD)satisfies

[题解]题意是:E-mail是方便的、高度民主的用于传递信息的非正式媒介,它符合了人类的需求。选项adhere意思是"坚持,忠于,黏附",其后常接介词to;reflect意思是"反射,反应";satisfy意思是"满足,使满意",但它是及物动词。根据句意,答案为C)。

4.conserve /conceive /contrive
conserve:"保存,保养,保藏"
conceive:"构思出,想象,猜测;抱有……的想法;怀孕;形成概念"
contrive:"设计出,发明,策划"
典型考题分析:

[例9]To ____is to save and protect,to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.(2001,1)

A)conserveB)conceive
C)convert D)contrive

[题解]题意是:保存就是保留并保护好我们喜欢的东西,以便其他人也能分享。选项 convert意思是"改变,转变,转化",常用于convert...into...结构中。根据题意,答案为A)。

[例10]Scientists first ____the idea of the atom bomb in the 1930s.(1996.6)

A)imaginedB)conceived
C)consideredD)acknowledged

[题解]题意是:科学家们在20世纪30年代就提出了原子弹的构想。选项imagine意思是"想象,料想";acknowledge意思是"承认,致谢"。根据题意,答案为B)。
5.simultaneously /spontaneously /homogeneously /harmoniously
simultaneously:"同时发生地,同时进行地,同步地"
spontaneously:"自然地,自发地"
homogeneously:"类似地,同类地"
harmoniously:"和谐地,协调地"
典型考题分析:

[例11]In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ____in Chicago and New York City.(1999.1)

A)homogeneouslyB)simultaneously
C)spontaneously D)harmoniously

[题解]题意是:在最近十年,纽约和芝加哥同时建起了摩天大楼。故答案为B)。

[例12]Although most dreams apparently happen ____,dream activity may be provoked by external influences.(1997.1)

A)spontaneously B)simultaneously
C)homogeneously D)instantaneously

[题解]题意是:尽管多数梦看起来是自发产生的,但外部影响也会使人做梦。选项 instantaneously意思是"即时的,瞬间的"。根据题意,答案为A)。

[例13]Fiberoptic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations ____.(2000.6)

A)simultaneously B)spontaneously
C)homogeneously D)contemporarily

[题解]题意是:光纤电缆能同时传送成百上千个电话。选项contemporarily意思是"同时代地",故答案为A)。

6.complement /compliment
complement:"补充,补充物,与……结合"
compliment:"赞扬,恭维"
典型考题分析:

[例14]Movie directors use music to ____ the action on the screen.(1998.6)

A)contaminate B)compliment
C)contemplate D)complement

[题解]题意是:电影导演运用音乐为屏幕上的表演增加氛围。选项contaminate意思是"弄脏,污染";contemplate意思是:"沉思,思考;注视"。根据题意,答案为D)。

7.primitive /primary /preliminary
primitive:"原始的,早期的,简单的"
primary:"基本的,首要的,初级的"
preliminary:"初步的,预备的"
典型考题分析:

[例15]In ____times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favourable climate.(2001.1)

A)primeB)primitive
C)primaryD)preliminary

[题解]题意是:原始时期人类的旅行不是为了玩乐,而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。选项prime意思是"头等重要的,首位的"。根据题意,答案为B)。

从上面的考题可以看出:CET-6中词汇部分主要是考查考生对同义词、近义词、近形词的区分和辨析及其相关的固定搭配。所以要学好词汇,不能只满足于记住了多少个单词和短语,更重要的是掌握它们的习惯用法,并能加以灵活运用。鉴于此,考生在学习和复习词汇部分时应注意以下几点:第一,通过把握基本的构词法(如:词缀法,合成法,词的派生等)了解英语单词的内在规律,从而有效地扩大词汇量;第二,记单词时既要注意词的确切含义,又要注意其引申意义,牢记词的固定搭配和它们的特殊用法;第三,考生平时最好是把同义词、近形词以及近义词集中到一起加以区分和记忆,这样既能准确记住它们又能领会它们的细微差异和各自的涵义。如:记 sense时,就可以同时区分和记忆

sensitive, sensible,sentiment,sensation这些词。同样,记动词短语时也最好把该动词的其它常见搭配集中在一起进行比较记忆。如:记take on时,就可以同时把take after,take off,take in,take up,take over,take to等常见短语进行比较后再记住它们;第四,为了使词汇的复习具有针对性,考生最好将往年的考题找来分析,总结和记住那些常考词汇。


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