6)引用法

　　所谓引用法，就是在文章开头引用名人名言、箴言、谚语或有代表性的看法，来引出文章要论述的观点。这种方法通过引用切合主题的名言警句，一方面可以突出主题，另一方面也能为文章增加文采，容易给人留下深刻的印象。但是这种开头要求考生必须有一定知识储备，对所使用的名言警句等要应运自如。另外，所引用的名言警句一定要为中心服务，不能单纯为了增加文采而引用。这种开头方式主要适用于观点论证型作文。

　　【常用句式】

　　① One of the great/ early writers/ philosophers/ scientists said/ wrote/ remarked, “…”If this is true/ the case, then the present/ current view/ value/ attitude/ situation should make us wonder whether…/ ponder over…

　　② “…” The same idea/ complaint/ attitude is voiced/ echoed/ shared by…

　　③ “…” How often we hear/ We are used to hearing/ Many people have heard(such) statement/ words/ complaint like/ as this/ those.

　　④ There is an old/ popular saying/ proverb which goes that…. The truth of significant./ Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, …

　　⑤ One great … had ever said/ once remarked, “…”Now it still has a realistic/ profound significance./ Now it is still working in our modern society./ Now more and more people share this belief./ The remark is still confirmed by people in today’s society./ the remark has been shared by generations./ The view has been echoed by many …

　　【例18】

　　There is an old proverb which goes that the grass is always greener on the other side of the valley. Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, people are not contented with the already blessing situation. On the contrary, we always think that there are people around us who are much more fortunate than us. In fact this kind of opinion is very dangerous.

　　【分析】本段文字是关于成功是靠运气还是靠努力奋斗的文章开头，运用了引用法，段首句使用了句式④。

　　2.结尾的写法

　　文章的结尾一般篇幅不宜过长，但却也是决定文*考试反问一般只问不答，答*考试&大案就蕴含在问句当中。

　　【例24】

　　1. Will so-called lucky numbers really bring people good luck? I don’t think so.

　　2. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have their own opinions.

　　【分析】以上两句话均运用了设问的修辞手法，答案紧随其后。

　　【例25】

　　1. Why not work together to put an end to such immoral behaviors?

　　2. Isn’t it high time we eliminated fake commodities from the market?

　　【分析】以上两句话均运用了反问的修辞手法，答案即在问句之中。

　　4.重复

　　重复主要起到强调、渲染和号召的作用，常见的重复方式主要有两种：同成份重复和同义重复。

　　【例26】

　　We, though different in colors, different in languages, and different in cultures, can bind together to fulfill any tough mission.

　　【分析】本句运用了同成分重复的修辞手法，起到了突出强调的作用。

　　5.夸张

　　夸张是一种故意言过其实，或夸大或缩小事物的形象，突出事物的某种特征或品质，鲜明地表达思想情感的修辞方式。

　　【例27】

　　I have got a million reasons to object to your proposal.

　　【分析】本句运用了夸张的修辞手法，起到了突出事*考试&大物特性的作用。

　　五、恰当使用警句格言

　　如果能在文章中恰当地引用一两句警句格言或名人名言，不但能起到支持和突出主题的作用，还会大大增加文章的文采，达到意想不到地表达效果。

　　【例28】

　　As a Chinese old saying goes, traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten thousand books is the top ideal for people. Travel does broaden our mind. It enables beautiful scenery, value the culture and customs of a people and lean the history.

　　【点评】本段话是一篇文章的开头段，通过“traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten thousand books is the top ideal for people(行万里路，读万卷书)”人人认同的格言引出“旅游开阔视野“的主题，令人信服，且颇显文采。