二、遣词用语形象生动
文章的形象生动是由多方面因素决定的，遣词用语也是一个重要的方面。要做到选词形象生动，主要应注意以下几个方面：
1.选用具体明确的词
在特定的语境下，要根据表“情”达“意”的需要，尽量选用含义比较形象具体的词来取代那些含义比较抽象的词，也就是要从一般趋于特定、由抽象趋于具体、由模糊趋于明确。
【例7】
1. No one saw the bank being broken into.
2. No one witnessed the bank being broken into.
【分析】see表示“看，看见”，意思比较抽象，范围较大;而witness则强调“亲眼目睹”，具体生动，更符合“目睹银行抢劫”这一具体的语境。
2.利用不同的词类
英语和汉语在词性的运用上有很大区别，但很多考生往往受汉语思维的影响，经常完全依据汉语的词性对译英文，导致作文中出现多个谓语动词集结的错误或造出来的句子十分生硬死板。因此，考生在平时训练时一定要注意摆脱汉语思维的束缚，学会根据具体的语境活用不同的词类，这样才能写出地道生动的句子。
1)抽象名词的使用
【例8】
1. They are written in plain language so that everyone can read when they want to entertain or relax themselves.
2. They are written in plain language so that everyone can read for entertainment or relaxation.
【分析】第2句中用抽象名词entertainment和relaxation代替了第1句中的动词entertain和relax，将时间状语从句简化成介词短语，使句子表达更加简洁地道。
2)形容词的使用
【例9】
1. Piracy has become a phenomenon that can be seen everywhere.
2. Piracy has become a prevailing phenomenon.
【分析】第2句中用具体的形容词prevailing代替了第1句中的定语从句，更加形象生动地描述了这种现象。
3)介词短语的使用
【例10】
1. To start with, pirated products often cost much less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price though their quality is relatively poor.
2. To start with, pirated products often cost much less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price despite their relatively poor quality.
【分析】第1句中的让步状语作，只是一种存在的事实，因此第2句用介词短语“despite…”代替了该从句，句子结构更加简化，表达上更加体现出英语味道。
3.动态动词的使用
要做到选词形象生动，还要注意选择具有动态意义的词，这些表示具体动作的动态动词往往比be, there be, make, need等静态动词更有活力，可以达到更好的写作效果。
【例11】
1. There are various answers among different groups of people.
2. Answers vary among different groups of people.
【分析】第1句中使用的there be句型属典型的静态表达，第2句中则使用了动词词组take place，明显比第1句多了一分动态的生气。
4.注意词语的感情色彩
英语中许多词带有自己的感情色彩，有褒义词、中性词和贬义词之分。选词时必须注意这种区分，否则会因褒贬失宜而造成用词不当，影响句子的准确表达。
另外，除了褒贬之分，其他的感情色彩，如有的明快，有的凝重，有的有讽刺意味，有的带有幽默色彩，如能够恰当运用，无疑会使表达更加形象生动。
【例12】
I am firm, you are stubborn, he is pig-headed.
【分析】firm, stubborn和pig-headed三个词都有“不轻易改变决定”的意思，firm是通常是褒义词，意为“坚定”，stubborn通常是中性词，意为“固执，执着”，而pig-headed通常是贬义词，意为“顽固，僵化”，使用时要注意根据具体的语境选择合适的词。
三、开头结尾突破常规
1.开头的写法
文章的开头除了要表明主题外，还有一个重要的任务就是吸引阅卷老师的注意。因此，开头一定要具有与众不同的吸引力，这样才能给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。下面介绍几种实用有效的开头方式及常用句型：
1)现象法
所谓现象法，就是在文章开头就指出某种社会现象或问题。这种开头方式在六级写作中十分常见，主要应用于现象解释型作文和问题解决型作文。
【常用句式】
① Recently/ Presently the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of… has been brought into focus./ aroused public attention/ become a heated topic/ been in the limelight.
② With …, there arises a heated debate as to…
③ With the steady/ rapid/ amazing development of…, people begin to…
④ In the past… years, many… have been faced/ troubled/ confronted with…
⑤ Nowadays/ Recently, one of the hottest/ most popular topics/ problems many / concern about/ talk about/ discuss is…
⑥ Nowadays, our society is witnessing more and more…
⑦ In the past… years, there has been a sharp/ dramatic increase/ growth/ rise/ decline in … According to an official report/ survey/ poll, …
⑧ In recent…years, …has experienced an alarming increase/ growth/ rise/ decline in…
【例13】
Nowadays, one of the hottest problems many about now is piracy. Books, tapes, VCDs and other high-tech products have been pirated. For instance, when a new product comes onto market, most probably, its pirated version will soon show up in the market, too.
【分析】本段文字是关于如何解决盗版问题的文章开头，运用了现象法，段首句使用了句式⑤。
2)对立法
所谓对立法，就是引出人们对要讨论问题的不同看法和观点，然后提出自己的看法或者表明自己偏向哪一看法。这种开头方式方式一般用于有争议的主题，主要适用于对比选择型作文。
【常用句式】
① When asked…, a great/ vast majority of people/ most… say that… But I think/ view quite differently. / But in my eye/view,…
② When it comes to…, some people believe that…, but some others argue/ claim that… (the opposite/ reverse is true). There is probably some truth in both arguments/ statements, but …(I tend to agree to/ would prefer the former/ latter.)
③ Now, it is commonly/ generally/ widely believed/ held/ acknowledged that…. They cl
aim/ believe/ argue that… But I wonder/ doubt whether…
④ Nowadays there is no agreement among people as to…. Some people focus on/ advocate/ favor … while others may think…. (From my point of view, …)
⑤ When faced with/ In the face of… quite a few people claim that… but other people argue…
⑥ There is much discussion/ public debate/ controversy nowadays as to the problem of… Some people say that… Others hold that…
⑦ There is a general debate over the phenomenon of … People who are against/ object to it claim/ hold … But people who advocate it, on the other hand, claim/ argue …
⑧ The value of this form of… is now being questioned by…/There is growing skepticism toward…
【例14】
Nowadays there is no agreement among people as to the best measure of a country’s success. Some people focus on rich economy while others may think it is the quality of life that has nothing to do with money.
【分析】本段文字是关于什么是社会成功的标准的文章开头，运用了对立法，段首句使用了句式④。
3)观点法
所谓观点法，就是开门见山，直截了当地提出本文要论证的观点或要解决的问题。这种开头方式主要适于观点论证型作文和问题解决型作文。
【常用句式】
① Now there is a growing awareness/ recognition of the necessity to…/Now people are becoming increasingly aware/ conscious of the importance of…
② It is true that… No one can deny …
③ …, which has been generally accepted. The truth of it is deep and profound/ self-evident.
④ Now people in growing/ significant numbers are beginning/ coming to realize/ accept/ be aware that…
⑤ Nowhere in… / Never in history has the issue/ change/ idea of… been more evident/ visible/ popular/ serious than in…
⑥ Perhaps/ Maybe we should/ it is time to rethink/ reexamine/ have a fresh look at the idea/ value/ attitude/ wisdom/ desirability that…
【例15】
“Haste makes waste”-a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted. It tells us that we have to do some steady and down-to-earth work if we want to accomplish something. The truth of it is deep and profound.
【分析】本段文字是关于“欲速则不达”的文章开头，运用了观点法，段首句使用了句式③。
4)比较法
所谓比较法，就是通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点进行比较，从而引出文章要讨论的观点。一般来说，对过去的观点都只是一笔带过，而将写作的重点放在现在的即文章要讨论的观点上。这种开头方式主要适用于观点论证型作文。
【常用句式】
① For years, …had been viewed as… But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing/ development of…, people…
② People used to think that… (In the past, …) But people don’t share this view now.
③ It is a tradition/ custom/ practice/ traditional way… But now/in recent decades things have changed.
【例16】
It is a custom for Chinese to get married with a person with the same family background, regardless of the fact they may actually do not love each other. But in the recent decades things have changed. Chinese young people now tend to consider love to be the only factor to decide whether they will get married with someone or not.
【分析】本段文字是关于中国人对待婚姻的观念发生改变的文章开头，运用了比较法，段首句使用了句式③。
5)问题法
所谓问题法，就是先将要讨论的问题进行设问，然后在解答的过程中引出观点。这样开头的好处在于从一开始就能引起读者的兴趣，但需要注意的是，如果问题设计不好，就会导致首段中心不突出，主题句表达苍白等负面效果，因此使用时要慎重。这种开头方式主要适用于对比选择型作文和现象解释型作文。
【常用句式】
① Should/ What…? Opinions of/ Attitudes towards/ Answers to… vary widely/ greatly/ from person to person. Some… are favor of/ view/ regard/ think of… Others believe/ argue/ claim…
② “Why do/ have …?” Many … often ask/ pose this.
③ One of the basic/ hot topic facing our society is : What/Why …?
④ How do you think of the problem of …? In seeking answer to this question, …
⑤ Why is there a … in society? It is no easy task to identify the causes for it.
【例17】
“Why do we have to learn Engl
ish while it may be useless after graduation?” Many college students often ask this. Surely it is because they haven’t realized the importance of English. They do not know in the international communication, English is always the language to be used.
【分析】本段文字是关于大学生为什么要学英语的文章开头，运用了问题法，段首句使用了句式②。